Author:Wilfredo Santa Gomez

Abstract

A new theory by Caldwell and Liang (2025) proposes that dark matter originated from high-energy, massless particles

1. Introduction

The mystery of dark matters origin remains a central question in modern cosmology. While the standard CDM model p

2. Summary of the Caldwell–Liang (Dartmouth) Model

– Origin: Massless particles condense into massive pairs after a rapid cooling process.

– Mechanism: Spin-pairing and phase transition analogous to Cooper pairs in superconductors.

– Predicted Signature: Steep energy density drop visible in the CMB.

– Key Variable: Energy density as a function of redshift z.

– Reference: Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 191004 (2025), DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.191004

3. PEECTS ETC Interpretation and Mathematical Framework

PEECTS postulates that mass emerges due to Elastic Time Slowdown, where temporal elasticity causes an effective c

m(t) (E / c2) _ET(t)

The modified energy density equation under PEECTS ETC becomes:

_ET(z) = 0 (1 + z)3 e^( _ET(z))

Here, is the gravitational elasticity damping coefficient and _ET(z) the Elastic Time Correction function.

4. Comparative Simulation Proposal

– Phase-space plot of ^{1/4} vs. z with overlays for:

CDM curves

Dartmouth -field

PEECTS ETC-adjusted model

– Use (t) = (t) (t) to identify early universe entangled pairing resonance.

5. Validation Strategy Using PEECTS

| Area | Method | Expected Benefit |

|——-|——–|——————|

| Energy Plummet in CMB | Apply ETC scaling | Explains density drop |

| Mass Genesis | Time-strain fields on photons | Validates time-origin mass |

| Dark Matter CMB Signature | Simulate spacetime dilation | Match spectral data |

| Spin Condensation | Entangled spin reversal mapping | Unifies quantum & macro behavior |

6. Discussion and Documented Opinion

The Dartmouth model offers a compelling superconductive mechanism. PEECTS enriches this by demonstrating how

7. Conclusion

The CaldwellLiang superconductive genesis model of dark matter aligns with PEECTS theory. Both suggest mass em

References

1. Caldwell, R. R., & Liang, L. (2025). Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 191004.

2. Santa Gomez, W. (20242025). PEECTS Framework. WSantaKronos Labs.

3. Planck Collaboration. (2018). A&A, 641, A6.

4. WMAP Science Team. (2011). NASA/GSFC.