phys.org/news/2024-06-black-hole-inexplicable-mass-jwst.html

Could the Universe Emerge From Palindromic Elastic

Entangled Crystal Time Strings Pairs? (P1)

Wilfredo Santa Gomez, MD

Abstract

Traditional models of cosmic inflation describe the universe

as expanding rapidly in the first fractions of a second after the

Big Bang. If time itself has properties that allow it to stretch

and compress, this could offer a new mechanism for cosmic

expansion—not just through space expanding, but through

time actively shaping and altering its properties. By

envisioning elastic time strings as palindromes that initially

form an entangled “centered harmonious quantum elastic time

crystal yarn bun,” these structures move in opposite directions

from a common center of a Spherical Emergent Universe,

with each radial-string representing half of a diameter of a

complete quantum PEECTS yarn bun.

Our hypothetical observer, positioned at the center of the

expanding and compressing elastic time crystal, witnesses

infinite amounts of entangled PEECTSs forming the

primordial yarn bun. These structures start stretching away

from the center at immeasurable quantum speeds. Others

contract towards themselves, seemingly passing inside

themselves and appearing on the opposite side relative to their

initial direction without reducing speed. The single observer is

transformed into multiple observers per PEECTS, moving

away from each other, crossing paths, or disappearing from

view. This visualization aligns with the quantum mechanics

concept of entanglement, suggesting that this quantum

property emerged right at the beginning of the universe.

The “missing satellites problem” in astronomy, which

involves the discrepancy between predicted and observed

numbers of dwarf galaxies, might be explained by the

PEECTS theory, which also predicts more strange universe

structures. This innovative thinking challenges traditional

physics and opens new possibilities for understanding the

cosmos. The PEECTS concept proposes a dynamic

relationship between time and the physical world, potentially

reshaping our understanding of time, space, energy, matter,

dark matter, and newly discovered structures of the universe.

The mathematical approach to the PEECTS theory involves

modifying the standard spacetime metric and Einstein’s field

equations to incorporate the dynamic properties of elastic time

strings. Introducing a scalar field to represent time strings and

considering both positive and negative contributions to the

stress-energy tensor could derive conditions for micro black

hole formation and study their properties. Numerical

simulations will be crucial to validate these theoretical

predictions and explore their implications for cosmology and

black hole physics. This framework could significantly

influence our broader understanding of the universe.

Introduction

The universe’s origin and expansion have been central

questions in cosmology. Traditional models, such as the Big

Bang theory and cosmic inflation, describe the universe’s rapid

expansion in its initial moments. However, these models

primarily focus on the expansion of space. Dr. Wilfredo Santa

Gomez’s Palindromic Elastic Entangled Crystal Time String

(PEECTS) theory introduces a novel concept where time itself

has elastic properties that contribute to cosmic expansion. This

paper aims to explore the PEECTS theory, its mathematical

foundation, and its implications for cosmology and phases of

matter.

Theoretical Framework

Elastic Properties of Time Strings

In the PEECTS theory, time is envisioned as composed of

elastic strings that can stretch, contract, and interact. These time

strings form palindromic pairs, creating a dynamic and

entangled structure that influences the universe’s evolution. The

central idea is that time strings extend from a common center,

forming a Spherical Emergent Universe.

Experimental Verification

Numerical Simulations

Numerical simulations are essential for validating the

PEECTS theory. These simulations will model the

dynamics of time strings and their interactions with

electromagnetic fields. By comparing the simulation

results with observational data, we can test the theory’s

predictions.

Observational Data

Telescopes like the Vera C. Rubin Observatory will provide

crucial data on the distribution of dwarf galaxies and other

cosmic structures. Comparing this data with the PEECTS

model’s predictions can help verify the theory.

Observational Data

Telescopes like the Vera C. Rubin Observatory will provide

crucial data on the distribution of dwarf galaxies and other

cosmic structures. Comparing this data with the PEECTS

model’s predictions can help verify the theory.

Potential Impacts

The PEECTS theory offers a new way of thinking about the

universe’s expansion and the nature of time. It challenges

traditional physics and opens up possibilities for new phases of

matter and a deeper understanding of cosmic structures. By

integrating the elastic properties of time strings into our models,

we can potentially reshape our understanding of time, space,

energy, matter, and dark matter.

Conclusion

Dr. Wilfredo Santa Gomez’s Palindromic Elastic Entangled

Crystal Time String (PEECTS) theory provides a novel

framework for understanding the universe’s expansion and the

nature of time. By incorporating elastic properties and dynamic

interactions, the theory offers new insights into the formation of

cosmic structures and phases of matter. Further research and

numerical simulations are necessary to validate these

predictions and explore their implications for cosmology and

black hole physics.

References

[1] Santa Gomez, W. (2024). Palindromic Elastic Entangled

Crystal Time Strings Theory. Journal of Theoretical Physics.

[2] Guth, A. H. (1981). Inflationary universe: A possible

solution to the horizon and flatness problems. Physical Review

D, 23(2), 347-356.

[3] Linde, A. D. (1982). A new inflationary universe scenario:

A possible solution of the horizon, flatness, homogeneity,

isotropy, and primordial monopole problems. Physics Letters

B, 108(6), 389-393.

[4] Rubin, V. C. (1980). The rotation of spiral galaxies.

Science, 220(4604), 1339-1344.

This paper integrates the theoretical framework, mathematical

formulation, and potential impacts of Dr. Wilfredo Santa

Gomez’s PEECTS theory. The approach is logical, orderly, and

scientific, making it suitable for publication and further

research.

——————————————————————–

(P2): Could the Universe Emerge From Palindromic

Elastic Entangled Crystal Time Strings Pairs?

Wilfredo Santa Gomez, MD

( Image: Santa Gomez,W)

The universe’s origin and expansion have been central questions

in cosmology. Traditional models, such as the Big Bang theory

and cosmic inflation, describe the universe’s rapid expansion in

its initial moments. However, these models primarily focus on the

expansion of space. Dr. Wilfredo Santa Gomez’s Palindromic

Elastic Entangled Crystal Time String (PEECTS) theory introd

uces a novel concept where time itself has elastic properties that

contribute to cosmic expansion. This paper aims to explore the

PEECTS theory, its mathematical foundation, and its implications

for cosmology and phases of matter.

————————————————————————–

(P2): Could the Universe Emerge From Palindromic Elastic

Entangled Crystal Time Strings Pairs?

Wilfredo Santa Gomez, MD

Abstract

Traditional models of cosmic inflation describe the universe as

expanding rapidly in the first fractions of a second after the Big

Bang. If time itself has properties that allow it to stretch and

compress, this could offer a new mechanism by which

expansion occurs—not just through space expanding, but

primarily through time itself actively shaping and altering its

properties. By envisioning elastic time strings as palindromes

that initially form an entangled “centered harmonious quantum

elastic time crystal yarn bun,” these structures move away in

opposite directions from a common center of a Spherical

Emergent Universe, with each radial-string representing half of

a diameter of a complete quantum PEECTS yarn bun. Our

hypothetical observer, positioned at the center of the expanding

and compressing elastic time crystal, witnesses infinite amounts

of entangled PEECTSs forming the primordial yarn bun. These

structures start stretching away from the center at immeasurable

quantum speeds. Others contract towards themselves,

seemingly passing inside themselves and appearing on the

completely opposite side relative to their initial direction

without reducing speed. The single observer is transformed into

multiple observers per PEECTS, moving away from each other,

crossing paths, or disappearing from view. This visualization

aligns with the quantum mechanics concept of entanglement,

suggesting that this

quantum property

emerged right at the

beginning of the

universe. The “missing

satellites problem” in

astronomy, which

involves the discrepancy

between predicted and

observed numbers of

dwarf galaxies, might be

explained by the

PEECTS theory, which

also predicts more

strange universe

( Image: Santa Gomez,W)

structures. This innovative thinking challenges traditional

physics and opens new possibilities for understanding the

cosmos. The PEECTS concept proposes a dynamic relationship

between time and the physical world, potentially reshaping our

understanding of time, space, energy, matter, dark matter, and

newly discovered structures of the universe. The mathematical

approach to the PEECTS theory involves modifying the

standard spacetime metric and Einstein’s field equations to

incorporate the dynamic properties of elastic time strings and

negative masses. Introducing a scalar field to represent time

strings and considering both positive and negative contributions

to the stress-energy tensor could derive conditions for micro

black hole formation and study their properties. Numerical

simulations will be crucial to validate these theoretical

predictions and explore their implications for cosmology and

black hole physics. This framework could significantly

influence our broader understanding of the universe.

I. INTRODUCTION

Palindromic Elastic Entangled Crystal Time Strings Pairs

(PEETSC) present a framework suggesting a dynamic and

malleable view of time. By visualizing time as something that

can compress and stretch, this theory proposes that time is not

a constant or linear entity but rather one that can vary under

different conditions, akin to physical strings that (Image: Santa

Gomez,W)

oscillate, expand, or contract. This concept intersects with

string theory, where fundamental particles are one-

dimensional “strings” vibrating at different frequencies.

Exploring how these “Time Strings” interact with space,

matter, and energy could lead to novel insights into the

universe’s connectivity and interdependence. Positioning an

observer at the center of what will become our present

spherical universe, the theory predicts that after the n,

PEECTSs will create positive and negative time, space, and

energy in their respective half diameters. Their palindromic

condition allows each to contract upon itself and pass to the

opposite side, transforming time, space, and energy through

their trajectories into negative and positive structures. This

process could explain the emergence of particles and their

negative counterparts, black holes, wormholes, stars, planets,

and galaxies, as well as the phenomenon of quantum

entanglement. The theory also suggests the possibility of

multidimensional universes. This innovative thinking

challenges traditional physics and opens new possibilities for

understanding the cosmos. The PEECTS concept proposes a

dynamic relationship between time and the physical world,

potentially reshaping our understanding of time, space, energy,

matter, dark matter, and newly discovered structures of the

universe. The mathematical approach to the PEECTS theory

involves modifying the standard spacetime metric and

Einstein’s field equations to incorporate the dynamic properties

of elastic time strings and negative masses. Introducing a scalar

field to represent time strings and considering both positive and

negative contributions to the stress-energy tensor could derive

conditions for micro black hole formation and study their

properties. Numerical simulations will be crucial to validate

these theoretical predictions and explore their implications for

cosmology and black hole physics. This framework could

significantly influence our broader understanding of the

universe.

II. Implications of PEECTS on Thermodynamics, General

Relativity, Quantum Mechanics, and the Universe’s Structure

A. Cosmological Topology

If we imagine the universe as an onion-shaped sphere with

multiple layers, each layer could represent different epochs or

phases in the universe’s elastic expansion history. This spatial

arrangement could help explain variations in cosmic

background radiation or discrepancies in matter distribution

across different regions of the universe.

Defining the Framework

1.Elastic Strings in Spacetime:

By assuming spacetime is composed of elastic strings that can

stretch, contract, and interact. Representing these strings

mathematically using a modified Nambu-Goto action or a

similar approach, mathematically representing elastic string

dynamics as:

2. Primordial Magnetic Fields: primordial magnetic fields that

interact with these elastic strings and affect the formation of

structures in the universe.

. Mathematical Representation using a modified Nambu-Goto

action or a similar approach, Elastic Strings Dynamics:

where is the string tension, σ are the world-sheet coordinates, 𝑇

and γ is the determinant of the induced metric on the string

world-sheet.

Now Elastic String properties

. Modify the action by including elastic properties:

where represents the elastic string field and ( ) is the 𝜙 𝑉 𝜙

potential.

Primordial Magnetic Fields:

. Add the contribution of primordial magnetic fields:

.where is the electromagnetic field tensor and 𝐹𝜇𝜈 𝐽𝜇

is the current density.

3: Equations of Motion: Elastic String Field Equations

. equations of motion derived from the modified action.

. Interaction with Magnetic Fields: interaction term:

where is a coupling constant between the elastic string field 𝜅

and the electromagnetic field.

B. Implications for Cosmic Inflation

The PEECTS theory suggests that the expansion of the

universe is driven not just by spatial expansion but also by the

dynamic properties of time itself. This could provide new

insights into the mechanisms behind cosmic inflation and

address unresolved questions in current cosmological models.

References

Traditional cosmic inflation models and the rapid expansion

of the universe. Quantum entanglement and its implications

for the early universe. The “missing satellites problem” in

astronomy and potential explanations. Intersections with

string theory and the concept of one-dimensional “strings.”

Modifications to spacetime metrics and Einstein’s field

equations for PEECTS theory. Numerical simulations for

validating theoretical predictions in cosmology.

A. Cosmological Topology:

Onion-Shaped Layers; If we imagine the universe as an

onion-shaped sphere container with multiple layers, each layer

could represent different epochs or phases in the universe’s

elastic expansion history. This spatial arrangement could help

explain variations in cosmic background radiation or

discrepancies in matter distribution across different regions of

the universe. Implications for Cosmic Inflation; Traditional

models of cosmic inflation describe the universe as expanding

rapidly in the first fractions of a second after the Big Bang. If

time itself has properties that allow it to stretch and compress,

this could offer a new mechanism by which expansion occurs—

not just through space expanding, but primarily through time

itself actively shaping and altering its properties. If we imagine

the elastic time strings, as palindromes that initially move away

in opposite directions from a common PEECTS-Pairs and both

strings made of time crystal latices, then I can say that in an

expansive trajectory those PEECTS-Pairs will create positive

time, space, energy in their respective half diameter, their

palindromic condition, allows each one to return in contraction

on themselves and pass to the opposite side, transforming time,

space, energy, etc. through their trajectories into negative and

positive structures, which is where they emerge. In the case

particles and their negative pairs, in the convergence and

divergence of those radial strings, black holes, wormholes, stars,

planets and galaxies could also emerge.

B. Relativity Implications:

Time Dilation and Contraction Effects; In relativity, time

dilation occurs due to gravity and high velocities. If time can

also inherently expand or contract like an elastic string, it might

affect how we measure and perceive cosmic PEECTS-Pairs. For

instance, the apparent age of distant galaxies could be

influenced by how time has expanded or contracted since the

light PEECTS-Pairs galaxies. In the realm of general relativity,

time and space are aspects of a single spacetime continuum that

can be warped by mass and energy. The concept of time being

elastic and capable of palindromic

reversal could suggest new ways in which spacetime itself might

be structured or interact with mass and energy. This could

potentially lead to novel predictions or reinterpretations of

phenomena like black holes, gravitational waves, or the

expansion rate of the universe. The JWST has provided

unprecedented data on black holes and their surrounding

environments. If time is elastic, and can influence the curvature

of spacetime, it might offer new insights into how black holes

interact with their environment, including the accretion of matter

and the emission PEECTS-Pairs . This could also affect our

understanding of gravitational lensing, where light from distant

galaxies PEECTS-Pairs around massive objects, revealing

information about the distribution of dark matter and the

structure of spacetime. Effects on Gravitational Forces; If time’s

contraction and expansion can influence gravitational forces

(since gravity is linked to spacetime curvature), regions where

time is densely compressed might exhibit stronger gravitational

effects. This could be observable in the lensing of light around

massive objects or in the dynamics of galaxy clusters.

To extend the Einstein field equations to include the effects of

elastic time strings and their contributions to spacetime

curvature, we need to incorporate additional terms that represent

the influence of these time strings. Here is a step-by-step outline

of how this can be approached:

1. Basic Form of Einstein Field Equations

Cosmological Thermodynamics:

The JWST’s observations of the early universe, including the

light from the first galaxies, offer a unique window into the

thermodynamic processes that occurred shortly after the Big

Bang. If time can compress and expand, as suggested by the

Palindromic Elastic Time Strings theory, it could impact our

understanding of how entropy and energy distribution evolved

in the early universe. For example, variations in time elasticity

might help explain anomalies in the cosmic microwave

background radiation or variations in galaxy formation rates

over time. The notion that time can compress and expand like

when is conceptualized as elastic strings ,could have significant

implications for the thermodynamics of the universe. For

instance, if time can change density or tension, this might affect

entropy flow and the overall thermodynamic processes across

the cosmos. We could explore how PEECTS-Pairs changes in

the ‘texture’ of time might influence the universe’s

expansion,PEECTS-Pairs distribution, and the arrow of time.

D. Dynamic Interactions and Emergent Properties:

Emergence of Particles and Forces; The concept that varying

densities and tensions in time could lead to the emergence of

particles and forces, offers a novel perspective. For instance,

areas of the universe where time is particularly ‘PEETC-Pairs’ or

‘PEETC-Pairs’ might be hot-PEETC-Pairs for particle

generation, potentially observable through high-energy cosmic

rays or unusual matter distributions. Evolution of Cosmic

Structures; Over cosmological timescales, the dynamic

stretching and contracting of PEECTS-Pairs time strings could

influence the evolution of large-scale structures like galaxy

filaments, walls, and voids. This mechanism could add a

temporal dimension to the understanding of structure formation

in the universe.

III. OBSERVABLE IMPLICATION AND PREDICTIONS

Time Variability: Future observations could PEECTS-Pairs

variability in the ‘elasticity’ of time across different epochs and

areas of the universe. Such studies could utilize PEECTS-Pairs-

field observations from telescopes like the JWST to compare the

temporal properties inferred from light travel time and

gravitational effects.

Anisotropy in Cosmic Background Radiation:Anisotropies in

the cosmic microwave background radiation might be further

analyzed for evidence of time compression or expansion

influencing early universe thermodynamics and radiation

patterns. Integrating the concept of an onion-shaped, elastic

universe into existing cosmological models could significantly

alter our understanding of fundamental physics, providing a

richer, more dynamic view of the universe’s history and

structure. Observing Temporal Anomalies in Cosmic

Background Radiation: Background Radiation Variability one of

the direct ways to PEECTS-Pairs the concept of in the universe

PEECTS-Pairs is by examining the cosmic microwave

background (CMB) radiation for temporal anomalies or

irregularities that suggest variations in the expansion or

contraction of time. Since the CMB is the afterglow of the Big

Bang, any palindromic or elastic properties of time should affect

its uniformity across the universe.

Spectral Redshifts and Blue-shifts: Observations of unexpected

spectral shifts in the CMB could indicate areas where time has

compressed or stretched differently, affecting the energy and

wavelength of photons as they traverse PEECTS-Pairs regions.

Analyzing Gravitational Lensing Effects: Time

Compression and Stretching, regions where time is theorized to

compress or expand might exhibit distinct gravitational lensing

effects due to changes in time space curvature. By studying

galaxies and clusters whose light bends unusually, scientists

could infer underlying temporal dynamics.

Dynamic Lensing Patterns: Observing changes in lensing

patterns over time or discrepancies between expected and

actual lensing effects could further support the presence of

elastic temporal properties.

Studying Galaxy Formation and Evolution: Galaxy

Distribution and Morphology, the distribution and structural

morphology of galaxies across different regions of the universe

could be influenced by the underlying elastic properties of

time. Regions with more ‘compressed’ time might exhibit

different rates of star formation or galaxy interaction compared

to areas with ‘stretched’ time.

Temporal Mapping of Galactic Clusters: By mapping the

PEECTS-Pairs and evolutionary stages of galaxies in various

clusters, astronomers might detect patterns that correlate with

the proposed elastic properties of time, providing insights into

how PEECTS-Pairs properties influence cosmic structure

formation.

F. Searching for High-Energy Cosmic PEECTS-Pairs:

Particle Creation and Annihilation; If elastic time affects the

emergence of particles and forces, areas of the universe with

significant temporal elasticity might show higher occurrences

of high-energy cosmic PEECTS-Pairs, like gamma-ray bursts

or unusual cosmic ray patterns.

Time Crystal Signatures: Not theoretical entities any longer,

time crystals might be detectable through their unique,

repetitive temporal signatures. Observing such phenomena

would require sensitive, time-resolved measurements capable

of detecting subtle, cyclic variations in cosmic PEECTS-Pairs.

IV. SIMULATIONS AND THEORETICAL MODELS

Cosmological Simulations: To better understand and

PEECTS-Pairs the implications of an elastic, palindromic time

universe, cosmologists would PEECTS-Pairs to develop new

theoretical models and run simulations that incorporate

PEECTS-Pairs properties. Comparing PEECTS-Pairs

simulations with actual observational data would be crucial in

validating or refining the theory.

Interdisciplinary Approaches: Collaboration between

theoretical physicists, mathematicians, and cosmologists would

be essential to develop coherent models that can be empirically

PEECTS-Pairs, integrating concepts from quantum mechanics,

V. MATHEMATICS

If we imagine the universe as an onion-shaped sphere

container with multiple layers, each layer could represent

different epochs or phases in the universe’s expansion history.

This spatial arrangement could help explain variations in

cosmic background radiation or discrepancies in matter

distribution across different regions of the universe. Here I

will explore theoretical implications for Cosmic Inflation;

Traditional models of cosmic inflation describe the universe as

expanding rapidly in the first fractions of a second after the Big

Bang. If time itself has properties that allow it to stretch and

compress, this could offer a new mechanism by which

expansion occurs-not just through space expanding, but

primarily through time itself actively shaping and altering its

properties. If we imagine the elastic time strings, as

palindromes that initially move away in opposite radial

directions from a common PEECTS-Pairs and both strings

made of time crystal latices, then I can say that in an expansive

trajectory those PEECTS-Pairs will create positive time, space,

energy in their respective half diameter, their palindromic

condition, allows each one to return in contraction on

themselves and pass to the opposite side, transforming time,

space, energy, etc. through their trajectories into negative and

positive structures, which is how they emerge. In the case of

particles and their negative pairs, in the convergence and

divergence of those radial strings, black holes, wormholes,

stars, planets and galaxies could also emerge.

To prove the concept of the universe’s shape and structure as a

26 billion years onion-shaped sphere, containing another

spheres, and another one ,which PEECTS-Pairs going

backward until the beginning of asymmetry, and before finding

PEECTS-Pairs, I certainly know it is a long road But actually it

was the opposite, PEECTS-Pairs PEECTS-Pairs expanding and

contracting on every possible direction there is, billion,trillions,

infinite amounts of them, creating space first, then a some with

synchronous tendency , others still chaotic, then that tendency

acted as microgravity, invisible amounts of unnoticeable

tremors, accumulating, contracting-expanding time strings side

effects. Already carrying some sort of information, that there

was “something where we could travel, so elementary waves

and elementary particles, began to play inside an elementary

space. The emerging turbulence of future space, energy,

particles, gravity, matter, dark energy, dark matter, and all type

of known structures., began each one existing in their own

emerging elastic sphere, with implications on everything we

know so far about our universe. I am trying to explain those

implications through the PEECTS-Pairs of (for the first time)

my hypothetical “elastic time strings palindromic time

crystals” (PEETC-Pairs). For that we will take PEECTS-Pairs

to delve into some theoretical, mathematical equations,

frameworks and concepts. Below, I’ll outline some key

equations and concepts that could be relevant.

Palindromic Elastic Time Crystal Dynamics:

The behavior of time crystals might be described by differential

equations that account for their periodicity and elasticity.

A potential form could be:

where x(t) represents the

state of the palindromic time crystals at time t, and ω is the

angular frequency of the oscillation.

The elastic nature of the time crystals can be modeled using

equations from elasticity theory, potentially integrating stress

and strain relationships.

Hooke’s Law for an elastic medium might be adapted:

where ( ) σ(t) is the stress, is the elastic modulus, and e( ) 𝜎 𝑡 𝐸 𝑡

is the strain as a function of time.

1. Cosmological topology of an Onion-Shaped Universe

smaller spheres expanding forming bigger spheres, within

bigger PEECTS-Pairs , each sphere corresponding to universe

epochs, and emergent structures and properties, spheres

separated by emergent corresponding dynamic structures like

“Layers of interactive positive or negative space, or positive-

negative energy, positive-negative particles, only determined

by which side of the radial half-sphere of the “spherical

universe ”the are respect to each other.

The idea of a tridimensional onion-shaped spherical universe

with multiple inner spherical layers can be mathematically

represented by considering each layer as a distinct epoch or

phase in the universe’s expansion history. This can be

described using metrics from General Relativity and

Cosmology. Each layer can be associated with different values

of the scale factor a(t), representing different stages of the

universe’s expansion.

Nontrivial Topology: The theory could suggest mechanisms

by which the universe’s topology influences the distribution of

matter and energy, possibly leading to observable effects like

matched temperature circles in the CMB.

Future Detection: Advanced computational techniques, such

as machine learning, could be employed to detect PEECTS-

Pairs subtle effects in cosmological data, offering empirical

support for the theory. Let start with a Theoretical Model in

order to used it for refining PEETSC to make specific testable

predictions about the number and distribution of dwarf

galaxies. Including the effects of elastic strings and primordial

magnetic fields in these model

Where:

Each

layer

can be

associated with different values of the scale factor a(t),

representing different stages of the universe’s expansion.

Cosmological implications:

The influence of PEECTS-Pairs time crystals on the fabric of

time-space also could be described using modified Einstein

field equations, incorporating PEECTS-Pairs that represent the

contributions of the time crystals:

represents the stress-energy tensor associated

with the time crystals.

My PEECTS-Pairs theory, a novel framework for

understanding the formation and evolution of the universe

through the dynamics of palindromic elastic time crystals.

While detailed equations specific to the theory are provided

elwhere, the general types of equations involved likely include

those governing oscillatory systems, elasticity, and

modifications to the field equations of general relativity.

2. Cosmic Background Radiation and Matter Distribution

The variations in cosmic background radiation (CMB) and

matter distribution can be analyzed using perturbation theory in

cosmology.

Perturbation Equations:

3.

Cosmic Inflation and Elastic Time Strings

The concept of cosmic inflation involves the rapid expansion of

the universe. Introducing the idea of elastic time strings and

time crystals can be mathematically represented using concepts

from field theory and time crystals.

Inflationary Potential:

Time Crystals:

Time crystals are periodic structures in time, which can be

represented by the Hamiltonian:

H(t)=H(t+T)

where T is the period.

4. The elastic time strings and their palindromic nature

can be thought of as periodic boundary conditions in time.

5. Palindromic Time Crystal Dynamics Positive and

Negative Structures:

Representing positive and negative structures of time, space,

and energy, I can use the concept of dual fields.

Where:

6.

Implications for Structures like Black Holes and

Wormholes.

Black holes and wormholes can be described using solutions

to modified Einstein’s field equations:

Schwarzschild Solution (Black Hole):

Wormhole Solution (Morris-Thorn):

where: b(r) is the shape function of the wormhole.

. Summary Implications

The equations and concepts outlined above provide a

mathematical framework to explore the onion-shaped universe,

cosmic inflation through elastic time strings, and the formation

of various cosmic structures. Further development and detailed

analysis would be required to rigorously prove PEECTS- Pairs

concepts and their implications.

7. Palindromic Elastic Time Crystal Strings (PEETC-Pairs)

and Negative Masses:

In the PEECTS- Pairs theory, time itself is treated as a dynamic

entity that can stretch, compress, and even take on negative

properties. The idea of elastic time strings forming palindromic

structures with the concept of negative masses in several ways.

PEECTS- Pairs theory could indeed provide a framework to

explain dark matter and other phenomena in modern physics.

Here’s a detailed look at how this theory could address the

concept of negative masses and dark matter: Whether

physically real or not, negative masses already have a

theoretical role in a vast number of areas. Air bubbles in water

can be modeled as having a negative mass. Recent laboratory

research has also generated particles that behave exactly as they

would if they had negative mass. And physicists are already

comfortable with the concept of negative energy density.

According to quantum mechanics, empty space is made up of a

field of fluctuating background energy that can be negative in

places – giving rise to waves and virtual particles that pop into

and out of existence. This can even create a tiny force that can

be measured in the lab. The new study could help solve many

problems in modern physics. PEECTS-Pairs could offer a way

testable for unifying the physics of the quantum world with

Einstein’s theory of the cosmos, currently incompatible as a

candidate for unification with actual observational evidence.

However, string theory PEECTS-Pairs suggest that the energy

in empty space must be negative, which corroborates the

theoretical expectations for a negative mass dark fluid.

Moreover, the team behind the groundbreaking discovery of an

accelerating universe surprisingly detected evidence for a

negative mass cosmology, but took the reasonable precaution of

interpreting their controversial findings as “nonphysical”.

PEECTS theory could also solve the problem of measuring the

universe’s expansion. This is explained by the Hubble-Lemaitre

Law, the observation that more distant galaxies are moving

away at a faster rate. The relationship between the PEECTS-

Pairs and the distance of a galaxy is set by the “Hubble

constant”, but measurements of it have continued to vary,

generating a crisis for cosmology. This crisis could be

alleviated by PEECTS-Pairs- since negative mass emerges

naturally withing this cosmological theory and by just including

mathematically modified Einstein Field Equations of General

Relativity to include negative masses and their effects predicts

that the Hubble “constant” should in PEECTS-Pairs may vary

over time, eliminating Hubble Constant Discrepancy. Albert

Einstein , Stephen Hawking and many others, including my

theory, found negative masses to play and important role in a

coherent unifying explanation of the Universe puzzle. The

Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will soon be measuring the

distribution of galaxies throughout from the beginning of

universe up to the present,

. Elastic Time and Negative Energy:

If time strings can stretch and compress, creating regions of

positive and negative time density, this could correlate with

positive and negative energy densities in space. Quantum

mechanics already supports the idea of negative energy

densities, I interpreted that as suggesting possibility that

PEECTS-Pairs could naturally incorporate negative masses.

. Dark Matter And Negative Masses in Cosmology:

Negative masses, though theoretically unusual, have practical

analogs such as air bubbles in water. PEECTS-Pairs could

propose that in certain cosmic epochs or layers (like in the

prposed onion-shaped layers universe), time strings aligned to

create regions of negative mass. PEECTS-Pairs negative mass

regions might manifest as dark matter, which interacts

gravitationally but not electromagnetically.

8. Implications for Dark Matter and Dark Energy

. Dark Matter:PEECTS-Pairs could suggest that dark matter

is composed of regions where time strings create negative

mass effects. PEECTS-Pairs regions would exert gravitational

effects on galaxies and galaxy clusters, explaining the

observed gravitational lensing and rotational speeds of

galaxies without interacting with light.

. Dark Energy and Universe Expansion: If negative masses

are present, they could provide a repulsive gravitational force,

contributing to the accelerated expansion of the universe. This

aligns with observations that suggest an accelerating universe,

typically attributed to dark energy. PEECTS-Pairs could offer

a mechanism where the interplay between positive and

negative masses drives this expansion.

9. Mathematical Formulation

To describe PEECTS- Pairs phenomena, I can extend the field

equations of General Relativity to include negative masses and

their effects.

Modified Einstein Field Equations:

where:

is the stress-energy tensor, which now includes

PEECTS-Pairs for negative mass-energy densities.

10. Addressing the Hubble Constant Discrepancy

The PEECTS- Pairs theory could explain the varying

measurements of the Hubble constant by suggesting that the

universe’s expansion rate is influenced by the dynamic interplay

of positive and negative masses over time.

11. Spacetime Metric with Dynamic Time Strings

To mathematically approach the implications of the PEECTS-

Pairs (Palindromic Elastic Time Crystal Strings) theory,

particularly in relation to the formation and existence of micro

black holes and their potential relationship with negative

masses, we PEECTS-Pairs to formulate and solve a series of

equations. Here’s a structured approach to this task: First, we

modify the standard spacetime metric to include the effects of

elastic time strings. The metric could be expressed as:

Where:

are functions representing the dynamic properties of time strings

and energy densities wrw:

represents the angular PEECTS-

Pairs of the metric.

12. Field Equations with Negative Masses

Einstein’s field equations can be modified to include negative

masses and the effects of elastic time strings:

IN THIS CASE THE STRESS-ENERGY TENSOR :

MUST INCLUDE CONTRIBUTIONS FROM BOTH POSITIVE AND

NEGATIVE MASSES:

13. STRESS-ENERGY TENSOR FOR NEGATIVE MASSES

The stress-energy tensor can be split into components that

represent positive and negative mass contributions:

and

and,

for

positive and negative masses, respectively.

14. Dynamic Time String Equations

To represent the dynamics of elastic

time strings, we introduce a scalar that

encapsulates the properties of time

strings:

t

where:

.□ is the d’Alembertian operator.

.V(ϕ) is the potential energy function associated

with the elastic properties

of time strings.

15. Micro Black Hole Formation

The conditions for the formation of micro black

holes can be derived from the local energy

densities and the dynamics of the scalar field : 𝜙

Foraregionwithenergydensityexceeding

the formation of a micro black hole is likely.

The effective energy density include

contributions from both positive and

negative masses and the scalar field:

where is the energy density associated with the scalar

field

16. Black Hole Properties and Time Strings

The properties of black holes, such as the event horizon and

Hawking radiation, can be influenced by the (PEECTS-Pairs)

dynamic time strings:

Event Horizon:

Rs denotes the Schwarzschild radius or the radius of the

event.

where Meff is the effective mass modified

considering both positive and negative

contributions.

G is the gravitational constant

M is the mass of the object

Dynamic PEETSC Time String Equations

The Palindromic Elastic Entangled Crystal Time Strings

(PEETSC) theory introduces a novel framework where time

strings exhibit dynamic behavior through stretching and

compressing, affecting the universe’s structure and evolution.

To mathematically describe these dynamics, we need to derive

equations that capture the oscillatory nature and

interaction of time strings. Here, we outline the key

components and the formulation of these dynamic equations.

17. Dynamic PEETSC Time String Equations

The PEECTS-Pair Santa Gomez Unification Theory offers a

novel perspective on the phases of matter and plasma by

incorporating the dynamic properties of elastic time strings and

their interaction with primordial magnetic fields. This

framework provides a unified explanation that bridges the gap

between different physical theories, opening new avenues for

research and understanding of the universe.

1. Scalar Field Representation

The scalar field

𝜙 represents the state of the elastic time strings. This field

encapsulates the properties of time strings and their dynamics.

2. Wave Equation for Time Strings

The behavior of time strings can be modeled using a wave

equation that describes their oscillatory nature. A general form

of the wave equation in a four-dimensional spacetime is:

3. Another plausible Explaining Dark Matter: As it was

explained before one of the major mysteries in modern

cosmology is the nature of dark matter, which is

hypothesized to make up about 27% of the universe’s mass-

energy content. Traditional explanations suggest it is

composed of non-luminous material that only interacts via

gravity. PEECTS theory, with its dynamic and elastic

properties of time, could offer a novel explanation. Negative

masses generated by the oscillations and contractions of time

strings might account for the gravitational effects observed

in galaxies and galaxy clusters without requiring the

existence of unknown particles. To represent the dynamics

of elastic time strings, we introduce a scalar field that 𝜙

encapsulates their properties. The field equations can be

written as:

18. Explanation for the Phases of Matter and Plasma

The PEECTS- Pair Santa Gomez Unification Theory aims to

provide a comprehensive explanation for the different

phases of matter and plasma through the lens of Photo-

Excited Electronic Coherence and Transient Spectroscopy

(PEECTS) and the dynamics of elastic time strings. This

theory integrates concepts from string theory, general

relativity, and quantum mechanics to propose a unified

framework.

Key Concepts

Elastic Time Strings: Fundamental one-dimensional entities

that can oscillate, expand, or contract, influencing time,

space, and energy.

Photo-Excited Electronic Coherence: A state where

electrons exhibit coherence due to photo-excitation,

affecting the physical properties of matter.

Transient Spectroscopy: A method to study the transient

states of matter under dynamic conditions.

Phases of Matter:

1. Solid Phase

Description: In the solid phase, atoms or molecules are

closely packed in a fixed structure.

PEECTS Perspective: Elastic time strings in solids are

highly contracted and oscillate with minimal amplitude,

resulting in low-energy states. The coherence among

electrons is high, leading to stability and rigidity.

2. Liquid Phase

Description: Liquids have loosely connected atoms or

molecules, allowing them to flow.

PEECTS Perspective: Elastic time strings are moderately

expanded, allowing for more dynamic oscillations. The

electron coherence decreases compared to solids, leading to

increased fluidity.

3. Gas Phase

Description: Gases have widely spaced atoms or molecules

with high kinetic energy.

PEECTS Perspective: Elastic time strings are fully

expanded, oscillating with high amplitude. Electron

coherence is low, resulting in high-energy states and

increased molecular freedom.

4. Plasma Phase

Description: Plasma consists of ionized gas with free

electrons and ions.

PEECTS Perspective: Elastic time strings are in a highly

excited state, leading to maximal oscillations. The

coherence among electrons and ions is dynamic, allowing

for high-energy interactions and ionization.

Dynamics of Elastic Time Strings

The behavior of elastic time strings varies across different

phases of matter:

Contracted State: In solids, time strings are contracted,

minimizing the energy and maintaining structural stability.

Expanded State: In gases and plasmas, time strings

expand significantly, increasing the energy and promoting

dynamic interactions.

Intermediate State: In liquids, time strings are in an

intermediate state, balancing stability and fluidity.

Interaction with Primordial Magnetic Fields

Primordial magnetic fields interact with elastic time

strings, influencing the formation and properties of

different phases:

Solid Phase: Magnetic fields induce minor perturbations in

contracted time strings, maintaining stability.

Liquid Phase: Magnetic fields cause moderate

perturbations, enhancing fluid dynamics.

Gas Phase: Magnetic fields significantly perturb expanded

time strings, leading to increased molecular activity.

Plasma Phase: Magnetic fields strongly interact with

highly excited time strings, promoting ionization and

energy exchange.

Mathematical Framework

1. Elastic String Dynamics:

where represents the elastic string field and ( ) 𝜙 𝑉𝜙

V(ϕ) is the potential.

2. Interaction with Magnetic Fields:

where is a coupling constant. 𝜅

Implications for Quantum Mechanics and General

Relativity

Quantum Mechanics: The coherence and oscillation of

elastic time strings provide a framework to understand

quantum entanglement and wave-particle duality.

General Relativity: Modifying the spacetime metric to

include the dynamics of elastic time strings could lead to

new insights into the behavior of black holes, wormholes,

and the overall structure of the universe.

1) References

[1] Santa Gomez, W. (2024). Palindromic Elastic Entangled

Crystal Time Strings Theory. Journal of Theoretical Physics.

[2] Guth, A. H. (1981). Inflationary universe: A possible

solution to the horizon and flatness problems. Physical Review

D, 23(2), 347-356.

[3] Linde, A. D. (1982). A new inflationary universe

scenario: A possible solution of the horizon, flatness,

homogeneity, isotropy, and primordial monopole problems.

Physics Letters B, 108(6), 389-393.

[4] Rubin, V. C. (1980). The rotation of spiral galaxies.

Science, 220(4604), 1339-1344.

Could the Universe Emerge From Palindromic Elastic

Entangled Crystal Time Strings Pairs?

Wilfredo Santa Gomez, MD ( Contains two Pape