Direct 2D-to-3D transformation of pen drawings
— Read on phys.org/news/2021-04-2d-to-3d-pen.html

Direct 2D-to-3D transformation of pen drawings

by Thamarasee Jeewandara, Science X Network, Phys.org

Pen-based 4D printing enables simple transformation of 2D pen drawings into 3D structures. (A) Conceptual illustration of pen-based 4D printing. Pen-based 4D printing enables simple and intuitive 3D fabrication via 2D-to-3D transformation of 2D pen drawings. (B) Pen-based 4D printing process. A pen is used to generate a hydrophobic thin film after the ink dries. This 2D pen drawing transforms into a 3D structure via STAT when immersed in a monomer solution. The transformed 3D shape is fixed via SCIRP during a 3-min incubation period in the monomer solution. (C) STAT and SCIRP mechanisms. The type of ink applied determines whether a specific part of the structure floats or is anchored. A polymer coating layer is generated around the 3D structure of the dried ink film to strengthen its architecture. (D) Sequential view of the 2D-to-3D transformation depending on water level. The 3D structure can be further fixed by SCIRP using a monomer solution including KPS ions (right). Scale bars: 5 mm. Photo credit: Seo Woo Song, Sumin Lee, and Junwon Kang; Seoul National University. Credit: Science Advances, doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abf3804